Irregular Verbs

Verbs are subdivided into two groups, regular verbs and irregular verbs, on the basis of how their past tenses and past participles are formed. Most verbs are regular verbs, that is, their past tenses and past participles are formed by adding a -d or an -ed to the end of their base form, for example, roll and rolled. Sometimes the last consonant must be doubled before adding the -ed ending, as in, plan and planned. So far, so good.

However, English being the contrary language that it is, there are also many irregular verbs and there is no formula to predict how such a verb will form its past tense and past participle states. Some do not change at all, others change completely, while others change letters in the middle. It's no wonder the student of English sometimes gets confused. To make things a little easier, below is a list over over 300 of these irregular verbs.

Infinitive	Past Simple	Past Participle	3rd Person Singular	Present Participle/ Gerund
Abide	Abode/Abided	Abode/Abided/Abidden	Abides	Abiding
Arise	Arose	Arisen	Arises	Arising
Awake	Awoke/Awaked/Awakened	Awoke/Awoken/Awaked	Awakes	Awaking
Be	Was/Were	Been	Is	Being
Bear	Bore	Born/Borne	Bears	Bearing
Beat	Beat	Beaten/Beat	Beats	Beating
Become	Became	Become	Becomes	Becoming
Befall	Befell	Befallen	Befalls	Befalling
Beget	Begot/Begat	Begotten	Begets	Begetting
Begin	Began	Begun	Begins	Beginning
Behold	Beheld	Beheld	Beholds	Beholding
Bend	Bent	Bent	Bends	Bending
Bereave	Bereft	Bereft/Bereaved	Bereaves	Bereaving
Beseech	Besought	Besought	Beseeches	Beseeching
Beset	Beset	Beset	Besets	Besetting
Bespeak	Bespoke	Bespoken	Bespeaks	Bespeaking
Bestride	Bestrode	Bestridden	Bestrides	Bestriding
Bet	Bet/Betted	Bet/Betted	Bets	Betting
Betake	Betook	Betaken	Betakes	Betaking
Bethink	Bethought	Bethought	Bethinks	Bethinking
Bid (at auction)	Bid	Bid	Bids	Bidding
Bid (greet)	Bade/Bid	Bidden/Bid	Bids	Bidding
Bide	Bode/Bided	Bided	Bides	Biding
Bind	Bound	Bound	Binds	Binding
Bite	Bit	Bitten	Bites	Biting
Bleed	Bled	Bled	Bleeds	Bleeding
Blow	Blew	Blown	Blows	Blowing
Break	Broke	Broken	Breaks	Breaking
Breastfeed	Breastfed	Breastfed	Breastfeeds	Breastfeeding
Breed	Bred	Bred	Breeds	Breeding
Bring	Brought	Brought	Brings	Bringing
Broadcast	Broadcast/Broadcasted	Broadcast/Broadcasted	Broadcasts	Broadcasting
Browbeat	Browbeat	Browbeat/Browbeaten	Browbeats	Browbeating
Build	Built	Built	Builds	Building
Burn	Burnt/Burned	Burnt/Burned	Burns	Burning
Burst	Burst	Burst	Bursts	Bursting
Bust	Busted/Bust	Busted/Bust	Busts	Busting
Buy	Bought	Bought	Buys	Buying
Cast	Cast	Cast	Casts	Casting
Catch	Caught	Caught	Catches	Catching
Chide	Chid	Chidden/Chid	Chides	Chiding
Choose	Chose	Chosen	Chooses	Choosing
Cleave	Clove/Cleft	Cloven/Cleft	Cleaves	Cleaving
Cling	Clung	Clung	Clings	Clinging
Clothe	Clad/Clothed	Clad/Clothed	Clothes	Clothing
Come	Came	Come	Comes	Coming
Cost	Cost/Costed	Cost/Costed	Costs	Costing
Creep	Crept	Crept	Creeps	Creeping
Cut	Cut	Cut	Cuts	Cutting
Dare	Dared/Durst	Dared	Dares	Daring
Deal	Dealt	Dealt	Deals	Dealing
Dig	Dug	Dug	Digs	Digging
Dive	Dived (US Dove)	Dived	Dives	Diving
Do	Did	Done	Does	Doing
Draw	Drew	Drawn	Draws	Drawing
Dream	Dreamt/Dreamed	Dreamt/Dreamed	Dreams	Dreaming
Drink	Drank	Drunk	Drinks	Drinking
Drive	Drove	Driven	Drives	Drives
Dwell	Dwelt/Dwelled	Dwelt/Dwelled	Dwells	Dwelling
Eat	Ate	Eaten	Eats	Eating
Fall	Fell	Fallen	Falls	Falling
Feed	Fed	Fed	Feeds	Feeding
Feel	Felt	Felt	Feels	Feeling
Fight	Fought	Fought	Fights	Fighting
Find	Found	Found	Finds	Finding
Fit	Fit/Fitted	Fit/Fitted	Fits	Fitting
Flee	Fled	Fled	Flees	Fleeing
Fling	Flung	Flung	Flings	Flinging
Floodlight	Floodlit	Floodlit	Floodlights	Floodlighting
Fly	Flew	Flown	Flies	Flying
Forbear	Forebore	Forborne	Forbears	Forbearing
Forbid	Forbade/Forbad	Forbidden	Forbids	Forbidding
Forecast	Forecast/Forecasted	Forecast/Forecasted	Forecast	Forecasting
Forego	Forewent	Foregone	Foregoes	Foregoing
Foreknow	Foreknew	Foreknown	Foreknows	Foreknowing
Forerun	Foreran	Forerun	Foreruns	Forerunning
Foresee	Foresaw	Foreseen	Foresees	Foreseeing
Foretell	Foretold	Foretold	Foretells	Foretelling
Forget	Forgot	Forgotten	Forgets	Forgetting
Forgive	Forgave	Forgiven	Forgives	Forgiving
Forsake	Forsook	Forsaken	Forsakes	Forsaking
Forswear	Forswore	Forsworn	Forswears	Forswearing
Freeze	Froze	Frozen	Freezes	Freezing
Gainsay	Gainsaid	Gainsaid	Gainsays	Gainsaying
Get	Got	Got (US Gotten)	Gets	Getting
Gild	Gilded/Gilt	Gilded/Gilt	Gilds	Gilding
Gird	Girded/Girt	Girded/Girt	Girds	Girding
Give	Gave	Given	Gives	Giving
Go	Went	Gone	Goes	Going
Grave	Graved	Graven	Graves	Graving
Grind	Ground	Ground	Grinds	Grinding
Grow	Grew	Grown	Grows	Growing
Hamstring	Hamstrung/Hamstringed	Hamstrung/Hamstringed	Hamstrings	Hamstringing
Hang	Hung/Hanged	Hung/Hanged	Hangs	Hanging
Have	Had	Had	Has	Having
Hear	Heard	Heard	Hears	Hearing
Heave	Heaved/Hove	Heaved/Hove	Heaves	Heaving
Hew	Hewed	Hewn	Hews	Hewing
Hide	Hid	Hidden	Hides	Hiding
Hit	Hit	Hit	Hits	Hitting
Hold	Held	Held	Holds	Holding
Housebreak	Housebroke	Housebroken	Housebreaks	Housebreaking
Hurt	Hurt	Hurt	Hurts	Hurting
Inbreed	Inbred	Inbred	Inbreeds	Inbreeding
Inlay	Inlaid	Inlaid	Inlays	Inlaying
Input	Input/Inputted	Input/Inputted	Inputs	Inputting
Inset	Inset	Inset	Insets	Insetting
Interbreed	Interbred	Interbred	Interbreeds	Interbreeding
Interlay	Interlaid	Interlaid	Interlays	Interlaying
Interweave	Interwove	Interwoven	Interweaves	Interweaving
Keep	Kept	Kept	Keeps	Keeping
Kneel	Knelt/Kneeled	Knelt/Kneeled	Kneels	Kneeling
Knit	Knit/Knitted	Knit/Knitted	Knits	Knitting
Know	Knew	Known	Knows	Knowing
Lade	Laded	Laden/Laded	Lades	Lading
Lay	Laid	Laid	Lays	Laying
Lead	Led	Led	Leads	Leading
Lean	Leaned/Leant	Leaned/Leant	Leans	Leaning
Leap	Leaped/Leapt	Leaped/Leapt	Leaps	Leaping
Learn	Learnt/Learned	Learnt/Learned	Learns	Learning
Leave	Left	Left	Leaves	Leaving
Lend	Lent	Lent	Lends	Lending
Let	Let	Let	Lets	Letting
Lie (place oneself horizontally)	Lay	Lain	Lies	Lying
Lie (tell an untruth)	Lied	Lied	Lies	Lying
Light	Lit/Lighted	Lit/Lighted	Lights	Lighting
Lose	Lost	Lost	Loses	Losing
Make	Made	Made	Makes	Making
Mean	Meant	Meant	Means	Meaning
Meet	Met	Met	Meets	Meeting
Melt	Melted	Melted/Molten	Melts	Melting
Miscast	Miscast	Miscast	Miscasts	Miscasting
Misdeal	Misdealt	Misdealt	Misdeals	Misdealing
Misgive	Misgave	Misgiven	Misgives	Misgiving
Mishear	Misheard	Misheard	Mishears	Mishearing
Mislay	Mislaid	Mislaid	Mislays	Mislaying
Mislead	Misled	Misled	Misleads	Misleading
Misread	Misread	Misread	Misreads	Misreading
Misspell	Misspelt/Misspelled	Misspelt/Misspelled	Misspells	Misspelling
Misspend	Misspent	Misspent	Misspends	Misspending
Mistake	Mistook	Mistaken	Mistakes	Mistaking
Misunderstand	Misunderstood	Misunderstood	Misunderstands	Misunderstanding
Mow	Mowed	Mown (US Mowed)	Mows	Mowing
Outbid	Outbid	Outbid	Outbids	Outbidding
Outdo	Outdid	Outdone	Outdoes	Outdoing
Outgrow	Outgrew	Outgrown	Outgrows	Outgrowing
Outride	Outrode	Outridden	Outrides	Outriding
Outrun	Outran	Outrun	Outruns	Outrunning
Outsell	Outsold	Outsold	Outsells	Outselling
Outshine	Outshone	Outshone	Outshines	Outshining
Overbear	Overbore	Oberborne	Overbears	Overbearing
Overcast	Overcast	Overcast	Overcasts	Overcasting
Overcome	Overcame	Overcome	Overcomes	Overcoming
Overdo	Overdid	Overdone	Overdoes	Overdoing
Overdraw	Overdrew	Overdrawn	Overdraws	Overdrawing
Overeat	Overate	Overeaten	Overeats	Overeating
Overhang	Overhung	Overhung	Overhangs	Overhanging
Overhear	Overheard	Overheard	Overhears	Overhearing
Overlay	Overlaid	Overlaid	Overlays	Overlaying
Overleap	Overleapt/Overleaped	Overleapt/Overleaped	Overleaps	Overleaping
Overlie	Overlay	Overlain	Overlies	Overlying
Overpay	Overpaid	Overpaid	Overpays	Overpaying
Override	Overrode	Overridden	Overrides	Overriding
Overrun	Overran	Overridden	Overruns	Overrunning
Oversee	Oversaw	Overseen	Oversees	Overseeing
Oversell	Oversold	Oversold	Oversells	Overselling
Overshoot	Overshot	Overshot	Overshoots	Overshooting
Oversleep	Overslept	Overslept	Oversleeps	Oversleeping
Overtake	Overtook	Overtaken	Overtakes	Overtaking
Overthrow	Overthrew	Overthrown	Overthrows	Overthrowing
Partake	Partook	Partaken	Partakes	Partaking
Pay	Paid	Paid	Pays	Paying
Pen (write)	Penned	Penned	Pens	Penning
Pen (enclose)	Penned/Pent	Penned/Pent	Pens	Penning
Plead	Pleaded/Pled	Pleaded/Pled	Pleads	Pleading
Preset	Preset	Preset	Presets	Presetting
Proofread	Proofread	Proofread	Proofreads	Proofreading
Prove	Proved	Proved (US Proven)	Proves	Proving
Put	Put	Put	Puts	Putting
Quit	Quit/Quitted	Quit/Quitted	Quits	Quitting
Read	Read	Read	Reads	Reading
Rebind	Rebound	Rebound	Rebinds	Rebinding
Rebuild	Rebuilt	Rebuilt	Rebuilds	Rebuilding
Recast	Recast	Recast	Recasts	Recasting
Redo	Redid	Redone	Redoes	Redoing
Relay	Relaid	Relaid	Relays	Relaying
Remake	Remade	Remade	Remakes	Remaking
Rend	Rent	Rent	Rents	Renting
Repay	Repaid	Repaid	Repays	Repaying
Rerun	Reran	Rerun	Reruns	Rerunning
Resell	Resold	Resold	Resells	Reselling
Reset	Reset	Reset	Resets	Resetting
Retell	Retold	Retold	Retells	Retelling
Rethink	Rethought	Rethought	Rethinks	Rethinking
Rewind	Rewound	Rewound	Rewinds	Rewinding
Rewrite	Rewrote	Rewritten	Rewrites	Rewriting
Rid	Rid/Ridded	Rid/Ridded	Rids	Ridding
Ride	Rode	Ridden	Rides	Riding
Ring	Rang	Rung	Rings	Ringing
Rise	Rose	Risen	Rises	Rising
Rive	Rived	Riven/Rived	Rives	Riving
Run	Ran	Run	Runs	Running
Saw	Sawed	Sawed/Sawn	Saws	Sawing
Say	Said	Said	Says	Saying
See	Saw	Seen	Sees	Seeing
Seek	Sought	Sought	Seeks	Seeking
Sell	Sold	Sold	Sells	Selling
Send	Sent	Sent	Sends	Sending
Set	Set	Set	Sets	Setting
Sew	Sewed	Sewed/Sewn	Sews	Sewing
Shake	Shook	Shaken	Shakes	Shaking
Shave	Shaved	Shaved/Shaven	Shaves	Shaving
Shear	Sheared/Shore	Sheared/Shorn	Shears	Shearing
Shed	Shed	Shed	Sheds	Shedding
Shine	Shone/Shined	Shone/Shined	Shines	Shining
Shit	Shit/Shat	Shit/Shat	Shits	Shitting
Shoe	Shod	Shod	Shoes	Shoeing
Shoot	Shot	Shot	Shoots	Shooting
Show	Showed	Shown	Shows	Showing
Shrink	Shrank (US Shrunk)	Shrunk (US Shrunken\|)	Shrinks	Shrinking
Shrive	Shrove	Shriven	Shrives	Shriving
Shut	Shut	Shut	Shuts	Shutting
Sing	Sang	Sung	Sings	Singing
Sink	Sank	Sunk	Sinks	Sinking
Sit	Sat	Sat	Sits	Sitting
Slay	Slew	Slain	Slays	Slaying
Sleep	Slept	Slept	Sleeps	Sleeping
Slide	Slid	Slid	Slides	Sliding
Sling	Slung	Slung	Slings	Slinging
Slink	Slunk	Slunk	Slinks	Slinking
Slit	Slit	Slit	Slits	Slitting
Smell	Smelt/Smelled	Smelt/Smelled	Smells	Smelling
Smite	Smote	Smitten	Smites	Smiting
Sow	Sowed	Sown/Sowed	Sows	Sowing
Speak	Spoke	Spoken	Speaks	Speaking
Speed	Sped/Speeded	Sped/Speeded	Speeds	Speeding
Spell	Spelt/Spelled	Spelt/Spelled	Spells	Spelling
Spend	Spent	Spent	Spends	Spending
Spill	Spilt	Spilt	Spills	Spilling
Spin	Spun	Spun	Spins	Spinning
Spit	Spat (US Spit)	Spat (US Spit)	Spits	Spitting
Split	Split	Split	Splits	Splitting
Spoil	Spoiled/Spoilt	Spoiled/Spoilt	Spoils	Spoiling
Spoonfeed	Spoonfed	Spoonfed	Spoonfeeds	Spoonfeeding
Spread	Spread	Spread	Spreads	Spreading
Spring	Sprang (US Sprung)	Sprung	Springs	Springing
Stand	Stood	Stood	Stands	Standing
Stave	Stove/Staved	Stove/Staved	Staves	Staving
Steal	Stole	Stolen	Steals	Stealing
Stick	Stuck	Stuck	Sticks	Sticking
Sting	Stung	Stung	Stings	Stinging
Stink	Stank/Stunk	Stunk	Stinks	Stinking
Strew	Strewed	Strewed/Strewn	Strews	Strewing
Stride	Strode	Stridden	Strides	Striding
Strike	Struck	Struck/Stricken	Strikes	Striking
String	Strung	Strung	Strings	Stringing
Strive	Strove/Strived	Striven/Strived	Strives	Striving
Sunburn	Sunburned/Sunburnt	Sunburned/Sunburnt	Sunburns	Sunburning
Swear	Swore	Sworn	Swears	Swearing
Sweep	Swept	Swept	Sweeps	Sweeping
Swell	Swelled	Swollen/Swelled	Swells	Swelling
Swim	Swam	Swum	Swims	Swimming
Swing	Swung	Swung	Swings	Swinging
Take	Took	Taken	Takes	Taking
Teach	Taught	Taught	Teaches	Teaching
Tear	Tore	Torn	Tears	Tearing
Tell	Told	Told	Tells	Telling
Think	Thought	Thought	Thinks	Thinking
Thrive	Thrived/Throve	Thrived/Thriven	Thrives	Thriving
Throw	Threw	Thrown	Throws	Throwing
Thrust	Thrust	Thrust	Thrusts	Thrusting
Tread	Trod	Trodden	Treads	Treading
Unbend	Unbent	Unbent	Unbends	Unbending
Unbind	Unbound	Unbound	Unbinds	Unbinding
Underbid	Underbid	Underbid/Underbidden	Underbids	Underbidding
Undergo	Underwent	Undergone	Undergoes	Undergoing
Underlie	Underlay	Underlain	Underlays	Underlying
Understand	Understood	Understood	Understands	Understanding
Undertake	Undertook	Undertaken	Undertakes	Undertaking
Underwrite	Underwrote	Underwritten	Underwrites	Underwriting
Undo	Undid	Undone	Undoes	Undoing
Unwind	Unwound	Unwound	Unwinds	Unwinding
Uphold	Upheld	Upheld	Upholds	Upholding
Upset	Upset	Upset	Upsets	Upsetting
Wake	Woke/Waked	Woken/Waked	Wakes	Waking
Waylay	Waylaid	Waylaid	Waylays	Waylaying
Wear	Wore	Worn	Wears	Wearing
Weave	Wove	Woven	Weaves	Weaving
Wed	Wedded/Wed	Wedded/Wed	Weds	Wedding
Weep	Wept	Wept	Weeps	Weeping
Wet	Wetted/Wet	Wetted/Wet	Wets	Wetting
Win	Won	Won	Wins	Winning
Wind	Wound	Wound	Winds	Winding
Withdraw	Withdrew	Withdrawn	Withdraws	Withdrawing
Withhold	Withheld	Withheld	Withholds	Withholding
Withstand	Withstood	Withstood	Withstands	Withstanding
Work	Wrought	Wrought	Works	Working
Wring	Wrung	Wrung	Wrings	Wringing
Write	Wrote	Written	Writes	Writing